The multi-purpose auditorium is mainly used in schools and other non-professional performance units, for the sake of economy, it must be made into a multi-purpose hall, and its design includes a comprehensive consideration of many factors, including architecture, decoration, optional application projects, including performances, conferences, cinemas, etc.
We take the latest production of the Beijing Private Huijia School Performing Arts Center as an example to introduce the whole process of design and construction of a functional auditorium for performances, conferences, and cinemas. This process is based on the architectural design of existing architectural design institutes.
The first is the selection of design tools, which is very important for the communication with Party A the costumer's real needs, Party B's professional communication, etc., and the appropriate design tools can save Party A the costumer a lot of time and money. Because an auditorium is a comprehensive application of multi-level and multi-professional construction and equipment in three-dimensional space, what is finally reflected in front of Party A is a comprehensive visual and auditory multi-project multi-functional scene. It is important and necessary to be able to pre-represent these scenarios to Party A. This kind of pre-scene performance is a process of gradual communication and improvement, which requires the designer to efficiently modify and adjust according to the requirements of Party A's continuous adjustment and improvement with reference to Party B's professional conditions, so that Party A can clearly understand the value and cost performance of the project at any time. To do this, we need to use BIM (Building Information Modeling) tools. Although there are many BIM software, but it is not widely used, considering this practical situation, we have simplified the complexity and selected the most commonly used tools based on CAD, 3D modeling using SketchUp, image or video rendering using the plug-in Enscape. According to such a simple combination of tools, part or all of the effect video scenes of the auditorium at all stages of construction can be made at any time, which is not only convenient for communication with Party A, but also convenient for communication with the construction unit, so as to achieve a good use effect. Because we are not BIM for BIM's sake, it is easy and the fastest way to do BIM according to the concept of BIM under existing conditions.
With the right tools, designers should be able to comprehensively understand the knowledge of architecture, decoration and sound and light and use them flexibly. The first is to determine the needs with Party A according to the building structure of the design institute. The original structure of the theater of Huijia Performing Arts Center was designed with a space above the stage machinery and a lifting orchestra pit under the stage. In the end, the function of electric sound reinforcement, natural sound performance, stage lighting, conference sound reinforcement, and cinema is needed.
The auditorium and stage area can be carried out independently for the most part.
The design of the stage area is relatively simple, because the stage walls are all painted black, and the decoration is basically not considered. The decoration effect of the auditorium is very important, so the design of the auditorium is the most complex.
In the design process, we start from the top down. Because it is a two-story auditorium and the upper space is shorter, the finished surface of the ceiling decoration should be improved as much as possible.
As shown in the photo above, there are 6 beams and 7 beam sockets at the top. We made the horse track as shown in the two renderings below, and installed the acoustic panels. The middle transverse horse track is located higher and has different heights, taking advantage of the height of the beam nest, so that people can walk in it. The left and right sides and the front of the horse road are used as the main horse lanes and are located in a lower position. However, it will not affect the sight of the audience on the second floor, and the control room on the second floor should be relatively high, so that the projector lens should be more than 2.2 meters away from the ground of the last row of audiences, so as to avoid the strong laser light source from damaging the eyes of naughty students. At the same time, you should also be able to see the LED monogram screen above the stage entrance, and you can also see the lifting orchestra pit below the stage entrance.
We use a number of small pieces of decentralized design on the top of the anti-acoustic board, the benefits of this are many, first of all, the sprinkler head of the fire can be installed in the vertical gap of the anti-acoustic board, and then we use the stage and the audience hall full-scene lighting, the lights of the big roof can also be hidden in the vertical gap of the anti-acoustic board, the sky effect speaker of the cinema can also be hidden in the gap, because the gap can not be too large, so the speaker needs to be customized ultra-thin. In addition, the anti-acoustic board is made into small pieces, and the weight of each anti-acoustic plate is very small, so that the load of the top structure can be evenly distributed and the safety can be improved.
The branch on the top of the horse road is convenient for the installation and maintenance of various equipment such as fire HVAC, lighting, monitoring, emergency lighting, distribution box, etc., especially can install a lot of water pipes, air ducts, bridges, and various strong and weak current cables and wires that are connected to the entire theater stage area and the audience. Using 3D software to assist in design, you can clearly find all kinds of collisions that may occur, and the construction unit can easily communicate with the construction according to our CAD drawings. See below for our animations.
However, the use of small acoustic panel design also has the disadvantage that the exhaust air duct can not be completely closed on the top due to the large pipe cross-section, and must be well soundproofed, otherwise when using electric sound reinforcement, the subwoofer vibration will cause the pipe to vibrate.
Because the auditorium area is small, in order to save space, the slap light group is surface-mounted and installed on the light stand, the surface-mounted light stand adopts the electric lifting type, and the winch is installed on the horse road.
Two curved ear rooms are made of steel structure at both ends of the stage, the upper half is placed with a line array and a subwoofer, and the lower half is made of two curved LED auxiliary screens. There is an electric frame that can be automatically stretched out on the side of the ear room by the stage mouth, which can be installed with 4 pairs of computer lights and 1 pair of monitors, which are matched with 2 monitors on the table, compared with the monitors placed on the table, to avoid reflection distortion, and at the same time, the sound is emitted from above, making the actors more passionate.
In order to maintain the cleanliness of the back wall and the ease of operation, the control room on the second floor and the chasing light room on both sides use electric lifting glass, of which the control room in the middle uses three lifting glasses, and the middle one is for the light of the movie projector lens.
For the cinema system, we used an 11.1-channel Dolby Atmos system, see the system diagram. All speakers are hidden. And it is arranged according to the layered layout of the auditorium.
It is very important to note that the center channel speaker is mounted behind the frame of the screen, rising and falling with the frame. The screen is an acoustic curtain.
Movie projectors do not have keystone correction, this is because the installation position of the projector can not be too low, most movie theaters use the method of cutting edges on both sides of the trapezoidal picture, in fact, the picture of these movie theaters is eventually trapezoidal distortion. To do this, we first process the movie video signal through the video processor and perform keystone correction, so that there will be no loss of pixels and distortion of the picture. This server is shared with the LED screen. At the same time, it can also control four LED screens, which saves the space during operation and facilitates the centralized management of video programs.
The stage acoustic cover is not only coordinated with the stage, but also the overall appearance and lighting are also unified with the audience hall to achieve a perfect overall effect.
Natural sound performance is the key to the design, in addition to the full suspension of the automatic retract of the acoustic cover, we also have a unique design for the lifting orchestra pit, because the entire theater area is not large, the depth is only more than 20 meters, so even in the absence of electric reinforcement, the sound pressure of the band in the lifting orchestra pit is enough, in order to make the sound of the band can be transmitted to the audience with higher quality, we have changed the usual practice of the guardrail of the lifting orchestra pit, which is usually made closed, and the front should be sealed with a wooden board to block the audience's sight. The audience is not allowed to see the inside of the orchestra pit, and then the microphone is used to pick up the sound and then amplify it and broadcast it through the speaker. We made the railing of the orchestra pit decorated with steel mesh and covered with sponge, which can block the audience's sight, and at the same time ensure that the sound of the instrument can be transmitted to the audience more transparently, reducing refraction distortion, and there is no need for electric sound reinforcement, forming a perfect match with the singers in the anti-sound cover.
